1. The universal formula
Wherever you are, mortgage payments follow the same reducing-balance formula:
M = P × r × (1+r)ⁿ ÷ ((1+r)ⁿ − 1)
Where:
- M = monthly payment
- P = principal (loan amount)
- r = monthly interest rate (annual ÷ 12)
- n = total number of monthly payments
2. What changes by country
| Country |
Typical rate |
Typical term |
Unique feature |
| 🇺🇸 United States | 6.0%–7.5% | 30 years | PMI below 20% down |
| 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 4.5%–6.0% | 25 years | Stamp Duty upfront |
| 🇨🇦 Canada | 5.5%–6.5% | 25 years | CMHC insurance |
| 🇦🇺 Australia | 6.0%–7.0% | 30 years | LMI below 20% deposit |
| 🇮🇳 India | 8.0%–9.5% | 20 years | Registration & stamp duty |
3. Down payment vs. deposit
In the US and Canada it's a down payment. In the UK and Australia,
it's a deposit. Same concept — the cash you pay upfront. But the
rules differ:
- US: Below 20% down, you pay PMI until you reach 20% equity.
- Canada: Below 20% down, CMHC insurance is required (and added to the loan).
- UK: Typically 5%–10% deposit minimum. Higher deposits get better rates.
- Australia: Below 20% deposit, Lenders Mortgage Insurance (LMI) applies.
- India: 10%–25% down depending on property value. RBI caps LTV.
4. Property tax and insurance
In the US, Canada, and Australia, property tax and insurance are often paid
monthly into an escrow account and released to the local
authority and insurer annually.
In the UK and India, these are typically paid separately — buildings insurance
in the UK, home insurance and registration fees in India.
⚠️ Property tax varies hugely by location. In the US, it ranges from ~0.3% (Hawaii) to ~2.5% (New Jersey). Always check your local rate — it can swing your monthly payment by hundreds.
5. Fixed vs. variable rates
Fixed-rate mortgages (common in the US and Canada) lock in your
rate for the life of the loan. Variable or floating rates
(common in the UK, Australia, and India) move with the market.
- Fixed: certainty — your payment never changes.
- Variable: potentially cheaper, but risky if rates rise.
- Hybrid (e.g., 5/1 ARM): fixed for a period, then variable.
6. Term lengths by country
- US: 15 or 30 years (most common). Some 10- or 20-year options.
- UK: 25 years typical, up to 40 years possible.
- Canada: 25 years amortization typical, but terms renew every 1–5 years.
- Australia: 30 years typical, 25-year terms available.
- India: 15–20 years typical, up to 30 years for young borrowers.
7. Common mistakes to avoid
- Borrowing the maximum you qualify for. Lenders approve to a threshold, not a comfortable amount.
- Forgetting property tax. It's not part of the loan, but it's part of your monthly payment in most markets.
- Ignoring PMI. If you put less than 20% down, PMI can add hundreds per month.
- Not comparing fixed vs. variable. A 0.5% difference over 30 years is enormous.
- Choosing the longest term for the lowest payment. You'll pay far more interest overall.
- Not budgeting for closing costs. Add 2%–5% of the home price for fees and taxes upfront.
8. How to use this calculator
- Pick your country from the dropdown. Currency and terminology auto-adjust.
- Enter the home price and your down payment (or deposit).
- Set your interest rate and loan term.
- Add property tax, insurance, PMI, and HOA fees if you want a full monthly payment.
- Review the monthly breakdown, total interest, and full schedule.
- Adjust the numbers to compare scenarios before you commit.
9. Final thoughts
A mortgage is the biggest financial commitment most people make. Understanding
the four parts of your payment — principal, interest, taxes, and insurance —
helps you avoid surprises and plan realistically.
Whether you're buying in New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, Mumbai, or anywhere
in between, the math is the same. What changes is the tax, the fees, and the
local rules. MakeMyCred keeps up with all of them.